reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf

Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. Since a strong bond links the process through which constitutions are produced and their degree of acceptance and effectiveness, questions over the Constitutions legitimacy prompted parliament to amend it in 2010. Constitutionalism in Nigeria has been crisis-ridden since independence in 1960. This paper explores the issue of unification federalism in Nigeria, which has been an obstacle to peace, development and threats to security .The findings from an extensive reading of related materials suggest that, the root of contemporary political conflict and underdevelopment in Nigeria political landscape shows clearly in the area of Another important factor that necessitated federalism in Nigeria was the political culture of the country. In my view, federalism is a good system for Nigeria. Full History of Nigerian Federalism | Nigerian Federalism But nigeria today became the proudable and bearable country, Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation facing challenges within the balance of economic development along ethnic divisions in society. The Complete Material Will Be Sent To Your . 2) The Problem of Minorities: In Nigeria, there are majority groups and minority groups. /Length 3884 There must be a formal decision of government powers by the constitution between the federal and state government. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Nigerian Chapter), Abstract: The Nigeria civil war (1967-1970) provoked by declaration of Biafra republic had indelible imprint on Nigeria state. No doubt, the Ethnic, Religious and Geographical nature of Nigeria also contributed to the reason why federalism was adopted. Over the years the fiscal federalism in Nigeria has crystallised and remained . The Hausa Fulani and the Minorities feared the domination of political powers by the Igbos and Yorubas. The post war efforts for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of the Igbo secessionist into the post-civil war Nigeria through the (3Rs) policy of rehabilitation, reconstruction and reconciliation (the 3Rs) to promote national unity and nationalism have failed to yield desire result. 7 Reasons for Federalism in Nigeria: Why Nigeria Adopted - Bscholarly /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Type /Page It represents a synthetic between two perspectiveneess; one is that politics of the United States should produce the good commonwealth and the other is that the principal task of politics is to create an open political market. Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, Differences Between First, Second and Third Degree Murder, Best Lawyers In The World (With Pictures): Top 10 Most Popular, Factors that Limits Independence of the Judiciary in Nigeria, Statute of Fraud: Contracts Required to be in Writing, Advantages And Disadvantages Of a Limited Liability Company (LLC), Richest Christian Musicians In The World: Top 10 Wealthiest, Countries With The Highest Minimum Wage 2022: Top 13, Best Handworks/Skills To Learn In Nigeria 2023: Top 12 Most Lucrative, Richest Engineers In Nigeria 2022: Top 10 Highest Paid, Cheapest Places to Live in the United Kingdom 2022: 12 Most Affordable, Cheapest Places/Cities To Live In Nigeria 2022. /Contents 4 0 R Very often, the problem has appeared in twofold. /Font << So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. Federalism, Nigerian Federal Constitution and the Practice of The current problems facing the Nigeria government and the Biafra separatist agitators originate in the causes and the effects of the Nigerian Civil war (06 July 1967-15 January 1970). MCC Vol 2 No 1 Article 04.pdf, GJ #2018, 2, Globalization and Federation in Peril: Renewed Agitations for Statehood and the Future of Nigerian State, by A. M. Maigari and U. Dantani, GLOBALIZATION AND FEDERATION IN PERIL: RENEWED AGITATIONS FOR STATEHOOD AND THE FUTURE OF NIGERIAN STATE, RESTRUCTURING NIGERIA: BEYOND POLITICAL RHETORIC AND THE MORAL PANIC, PDF copy of Published paper on Agitation and restructuring.pdf, ESSAYS ON RIGHT TO SELF DETERMINATION AS A PEREMPTORY NORM AND THE LIMITATION IN EXERCISING THAT RIGHT.pdf, Federalism, Military Legacies and the Restructuring Debate in Contemporary Nigeria, Legal Aid Journal of Legal Issues Vol. Reasons for Federalism 3.1 Reasons for a federal order rather than separate states or secession 3.2 Reasons for preferring federal orders over a unitary state 4. The military were able to create more states because military decrees do not pass the same rigorous method bills pass in a democratic government. In 1963 Midwestern region was created and Nigeria became a nation of four regions. Such arrangement would inter alia breed neglect, frustration and aggression; no thanks to the red-tape inherent in unitarism. This prototype edition of the daily Federal Register on FederalRegister.gov will remain an unofficial informational resource until the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register (ACFR) issues a regulation granting it official legal status. Bashar Abubakar Bukkuyum This is good 'nd thank you Blogger. Critically, after that train, every other train went to Nigeria from Nigeria, indicating the enormity of the wall of enmity demarcating Nigeria from the sovereign State of Biafra. It came about following the necessity for administrative convenience and managerial expenses. The fact that these nations chose to adopt a federal system does not prove anything; it does, however, suggest that federalism may help these countries manage the problems that come with ethnic . Federalism will shape the long-term health and economic impacts of COVID-19, including plans for the future, for at least two reasons: First, federalism exacerbates inequities, as some states have a history of underinvesting in social programs, especially in certain communities. /Filter /DCTDecode Geographical nearness of the component states to each other and the state network of roads and transportation. As a result of this, it has brought about the cry of the minorities clamoring for their own state. Also, the adoption of the Littleton constitution of 1954 laid further credence to . PDF Federalism in Nigeria: the Past, Current Peril and Future Hopes Secondly, are these groups well pleased, or do they at least accept such manipulative placements? Introduction: Federalism in Nigeria | Publius: The Journal of Federalism is a type of government in which the sovereign authority of political power is usually divided between two units. Even the masses in the rural areas of the country are allowed to participate in politics by electing their representatives into office. As a result, issues relating to marginalization, economic imbalance, social alienation, ethnic suspicion and superior-subordination contestation are recurring malaises in the system. To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. *$( %2%(,-/0/#484.7*./. C (PDF) Federalism as a Political Ideology and System of Government: The For instance, such noun phrases like: nationality, nation, citizenship, identity, ethnicity, ethnic group, indigene, state of origin, etc, are inherently conflict laden, with abundant intellectual understandings. ff>qsfN? The leaders also were from different major tribes and also wanted a level of power. Federalism is a system of government where there are a decentralization power and autonomy of governance to the regional or federated states that share sovereignty with the Federal Government. So majority if not all of them were in favor of a federalist system of governance. Not minding the general relevance of these coinages, an arduous task lies in properly assessing their specific impacts in a given political enclave. It is not surprising that Nigeria in its 55 years of political sojourn has tried different forms of federalism. This regional arrangement gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political struggle for the center among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. The fear of marginalization by the minority in a unitary system of government has, to a great extent, influenced the majority state support for federating states. What a nice and educating document!We are grateful for this post. International Relations - PRAHAAR | PDF | Joint Comprehensive Plan Of It has been suggested that the creation of more states and local government have helped in the distribution of national cake. Federalism also in this manner, preserves cultures of the minorities from being drowned in the ocean of the cultures of the majorities. Mere desire to unite is not enough but there must be the desire to remain separate in respect to other matters. 2. Under this type, there exist a balkanization of formerly unitary state near disintegration and its diversities which progress to a state. It should be noted, however, that the Leagues significantly differ from modern federations in one respect: namely, while the various governments freely interacted, no prosperous direct contact between the populace of the various governments was permitted. This notwithstanding, the concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. Federalism was basically introduced to bring about peace and unity in the different regions of the country. The USA and Canada were formed with the above interest at heart. Other specific reasons for the increasing demand for decentralisation are: Central governments increasingly are finding that it is impossible for them to . Fiscal federalism, sub-national revolts and internal colonialism in Nigeria Federalism was implemented in Nigeria as way back as 1946 during the British colonial era. Keywords: Federalism, Nigeria, ethnic groups, federal character principle . The constitution emphasized areas of authority between the central government and the regions. The governmental powers are shared between the federal government and the thirty-six state governments. 3. The chief architect of this theory is Riker. Despite that, instead of unity, cooperation and consensus, there has been apparent division, disagreement, and dissension. Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting . The Journal of Pan African Studies, vol.8, no.2, . In developing countries like India, Iraq and Nigeria, federalism has either failed to close developmental gaps and ethno-communal tensions among various states or, more worryingly, in some. Federalism in Nigeria : The past , Current Peril and Future Hopes Voter Turnout, Voting Behavior and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria By Professor Sakah Saidu Mahmud Kwara State University, Malete 1. (PDF) Fiscal Federalism in Nigeria: An Analysis of - ResearchGate POL 124 MAIN CONTENT Mar 21, 2011 NEW (1), Resource Control, Federalism and Peace in the Niger Delta: A Reflection on Nigeria at Fifty, Federalism and Revenue Allocation in Nigeria: A Critical Evaluation of the Derivation Principle, Legal Framework for Fiscal Federalism: Issues and Options for Reform, RESOURCE CONTROL, REVENUE ALLOCATION AND PETROLEUM POLITICS IN NIGERIA: THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in Nigeria's Fourth Republic: Issues and Challenges, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, Federalism, Democracy and Constitutionalism: The Nigerian Experience. The logic for this call, nay, agitation for self-determination by this group is not faulty in itself except that the laws of the land; Nigeria 1999 Constitution (as amended) does not guarantee self-determination or secession by any group of the Nigerian political environment. Why do nations federate?, what are the factors or conditions to have necessitated the adoption of federalism?, how is a federation to be organized?, how is power to be shared between the levels of government in a federation?, is federalism a means to an end or an end itself?, why do some federations succeed and others fail?. welcome, and thanks for reading us. Federalism is a mixed form of government where there is a general government always known as the central or federal government and regional governments which could be provincial or states governments. The availability of resources in a particular region and the need for that area to control the resources has also been seen as a reason for a federal system in Nigeria. (PDF) Nigeria: a model of federalist ethnic conflict management or That is often the reason why some adherents of Marx quarrel vehemently about such preordained classification such as: haves and have-nots; and the liberal minds grappling with, insisting not only that all hands are not equal, but that they must never, for whatsoever reason at all, be made equal - believing that that would tantamount to the highest injustice. The Attorney General sought to know whether the 13% sharing formula of the oil producing states should include revenue from oil producing states should include revenue from oil production activities off shore. Federalism in India. So, without wasting much time, what is a federal system of government? ), Constitutionalism, Constitution Making and Constitutional Reform in Africa: Contemporary Perspectives from Sub-Saharan Africa, Chapter IX: The politics and policies of oil deregulation in Nigeria: Implications and policy suggestions. Everybody would likely agree that the conscious awareness and awakening of the course of who is who invariably determines who gets what, perhaps when and how. s" Problems of Nigerian Federalism | Nigerian Federalism This makes it possible for the minorities to be separated from the domination of big ethnic groups. (PDF) Politics Of Federalism in Nigeria: Preparing Human Capital for As one of the most effective frameworks for governing a pluralistic society, Nigeria adopted Federalism to manage her multi-ethnic state. And even now we can see the population of Nigeria compared to other countries in Africa. The main goal of the Convention was to revise the Articles of Confederation, the agreement that governed the 13 colonies and was adopted by the Continental Congress on November 15, 1777, shortly after the end of the Revolutionary War . Political culture of Nigeria: 3.4 4. Now, because the level of the development of the productive forces was still at a rudimentary stage, the pervasiveness of commodity relations was equally at a low level. (Tanzi, 1996). Federalism therefore involves the linkage of individuals, groups and policies in lasting but limited union in such a way as to provide for the energetic pursuit of common goals while maintaining the respective integrities of all parties. PDF Nigerian Federalism: Issues, Challenges and Prospects 3l:rmO"XDhG%2| 2013 PP.100-107, This paper explores the issue of unification federalism in Nigeria, which has been an obstacle to peace, development and threats to security .The findings from an extensive reading of related materials suggest that, the root of contemporary political conflict and underdevelopment in Nigeria political landscape shows clearly in the area of imbalance political structures that were established before and after independence. Since federal systems have been formed for different reasons and to %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz The Evolution, Development and Practice of Federalism in Nigeria Charas Madu Tella, Ahmed Wali Doho, Aliyu Bapeto Abstract Federalism is a political philosophy in which members of a group are. PDF Nigeria'S Federalism and State Reorganization and Restructuring PDF Federalism, Politics and Corruption in Nigeria: Implications for Higher Some of the reasons include preservation of identities. Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. Nigeria. The unity here is brought about by the desire of the component units of the federation to form union in respect of some matters. %PDF-1.5 This has nexus with the particular sharing formula adopted. ICT services have help in the improvement of the markets, reduction in transaction costs and increase . Another reason why federalism is adopted by any country is that of its population. History of federal system of government in nigeria. Reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria - Legit.ng In examining post-independence constitution-making in Nigeria, this chapter finds that military rule blighted Nigerias capacity to respond appropriately to the challenges of federalism. The intimidating size of Nigeria does not only earn her an international respect but also provides her with a buffer to attacks by rogue nations and disgruntled neighbours. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. It concluded that the interplay of these variables leads to the degeneration of the national question and. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Manages And Maintains And Secures Nigeria. True Federalism and Restructuring in Nigeria: Challenges and the - SSRN Besides the Big Three - Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. Another major reason why federalism was adopted in Nigeria is the multiple ethnic backgrounds in Nigeria. Introduction In a statement on the 2015 Nigerian General Elections the Freedom House (2015a) congratulated Nigerians for an election that appears to be one of the smoothest and least violent in Nigeria's Biafrans who are geographically in the South and SouthEast of Ni-geria feel and believe that their economic and developmental prowess are not well represented in the Nigerian state, and this lack of representation leads to marginalization. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard , when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. Naturally, federal system of government has some distinctive features namely: 1. In Nigeria, the main reason for the adoption of a federal arrangement was the sociological complexity of the society, its ethnic and geographical diversity. Population of the country Economic factors in adoption of federalism in Nigeria are not unconnected with the issues of resource control, wealth generation and redistribution, and income distribution. One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. Identities can be in terms of ethnicity, culture, religion and other differences," she says. PDF Introduction: Federalism in Nigeria - JSTOR /F4 15 0 R It means that the sovereign unit (Centre) and local units . It has severally been emphasized by both the Northern and Western politicians that God did not create Nigeria but the British. In 1939 sir Bernard Bourdillion made a serious constitutional proposal which concluded having regional councils with a central council in Lagos. It was subsequently, not until after the American constitution of 1787, that a new concept of federalism was introduced. Reasons for the Adoption of Federalism in Nigeria | LearnAllinfo Ethnic Minorities and Federalism in Nigeria - JSTOR Nigeria are typically inclined to the derivation principle, which is the process of distributing centrally generated revenue to constituent units with regards to the contribution made by a group to the country's more 12substantial income. But besides these three major tribes, there are over 350 other smaller tribes with diverse languages and dialects. The benefits of federalism are that it can encourage political participation, give states an incentive to engage in policy innovation, and accommodate diverse viewpoints across the country. Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism - Course Hero The disadvantages are that it can set off a race to the bottom among states, cause cross-state economic and social disparities, and obstruct federal efforts . Historical experience 3.2 2. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. The states' territories were formed around ethnic groups with common interest and close ties, culture, and dialects. Federalism in Nigeria. It needs proper review so that the country can move forward as a nation. The Plural nature of Nigeria. % /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB Hon. There is a general opinion that Nigeria was formed because of the interest of the British and they had to govern the country under a federation system. Regrettably, this system is founded on a militarily-conceived constitution lacking a fully enforceable bill of rights and clear governmental functions. Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, The politics and problem of fiscal federalism and revenue allocation formula in Nigeria: Who should get what, how, when and why, Resource Control: a Necessary Element for True Federalism in Nigeria, THE IMPACT OF STATE JOINT LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACCOUNT ON STATE LOCAL RELATIONS IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA, MEMORANDUM ON TRUE FEDERALISM SUBMITTED BY THE 'RESTRUCTURE NIGERIA' COMMUNITY AS A RESPONSE TO THE APC COMMITTEE CALL ON TRUE FEDERALISM, THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES The Legal Framework for the Corporate Existence of Nigeria, Intricacies and paradoxes federalism and secessionism in Nigeria.pdf, Civic Education Curriculum Implementation, NIGERIAN FEDERALISM AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: PURSUIT, PROSPECTS AND IMPEDIMENTS TO UNITY AND NATION BUILDING, Constitutions Making, Amendments, Reviews and Nigerias Political Development: This understanding is also in tune with that of Jinadu (1979:15), who insists that Federalism is usually viewed as a form of governmental and institutional structure, deliberately designed by political architects, to cope with the twin but difficult task of maintaining unity while also preserving diversity. It is no news, therefore, that the peoples of Nigeria are diverse in different respects culturally, historically, socially, religiously, educationally, industriously, and even philosophically. The political parties involved in the first republic were more formed on a regional basis. Federalism - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy