descriptive representation pros and cons

Does the representative look like, have common interests with, or share certain experiences with the represented? Copyright 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. In J. Klausen & C. Maier (Eds. Weak coalition government: Proportional representation results in a weak and indecisive coalition government since every party wants to act in their best interest or get their own way with things. There are a few different ways to look at this by taking a look at different minority groups and examining their struggles. This is the case for women who remain numerically under-represented in legislatures around the world, but also ethnic minority groups, and other minorities. The 116th Congress has been the most racially and ethnically diverse in U.S. history, with 56 Black members, 43 Hispanic members, 17 Asian members, and four Native American members. Struggles to expand the breadth of political and civil rights in the United States have been critical to fostering greater inclusion and equality for racial/ethnic minorities in America. This allows more people to benefit from the decisions the government makes when compared with other types of ruling structures. Perhaps the strongest argument for descriptive research is the fact that it offers well-rounded support for a thesis. in or register, View all access and purchase options for this article. The Pros And Cons Of Using Clicker. How Do Parliamentarians Define Descriptive Representation? Descriptivists allow for change and are willing to forgo some rules to fit current norms. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51765-4_5, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51765-4_5, Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London, eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0). Would perfect mobility be perfect? . Among them is Nancy Pelosi who became the Speaker of the House in the Eleventh Congress and James Clyburn, an African-American who served as Majority Whip. As one Black representative to the U.S. Congress told Carol Swain, "One of the advantages, and disadvantages, of representing blacks is their shameless loyalty to their incumbents. In academic and professional environments, researchers often take on research projects before making definitive statements or taking action involving the subject matter. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. The collection of data is quick and easy to conduct, especially when doing surveys. All names, acronyms, logos and trademarks displayed on this website are those of their respective owners. The importance of descriptive representation in regards to minorities has been the subject of many debates in the past. The Great Compromise And The Basics Of Bicameralism, Senate Representation And House Apportionment, Summary of the Institutional Design of Congress, Types Of Representation: Looking Out For Constituents, Collective Representation And Congressional Approval, Summary of House and Senate Organizations, Continue With the Mobile App | Available on Google Play, https://cnx.org/contents/W8wOWXNF@12.1:Y1CfqFju@5/Preface, https://thenounproject.com/term/share/7671/. Ethics, 91, 431450. https://thenounproject.com/term/share/7671/, CC BY. Companies can collect data first-hand based on stats and unbiased information. Galligan, Y. You do not currently have access to this chapter. Descriptive research is a form of research that relies on a variety of different techniques to organize information. Descriptive vs. Inferential Statistics: Key Differences Descriptive research has advantages and disadvantages with researchers accounting for positive and negative variables. Do not use an Oxford Academic personal account. I'm not sure what the pros and cons are of labelling all or only some such statistics as inferential. Descriptive representation is hotly contested. The closer assessment of pros and cons will. Making your pros and cons list objectively can help weigh each pro and con against the others. (1996). Arena Centre for European Studies, University of Oslo, Sognsveien 68, 0855, Oslo, Norway, You can also search for this author in Accountability and political representation of national minorities: a forgotten link? Movies represent cultural values and Disney's legacy of mostly white princesses depicts our racist society. European Sociological Review, 20(1), 111. Copyright 2020 Chemtech Speciality India Pvt. The maximization use of an executive law-making body is the crucial advantage that representative democracy can offer. Pros and Cons of Descriptive Research. Citing Literature. Tannen, D. (1994). There are, however, practical limitations to including different groups and subgroups in legislatures. In Y. Galligan (Ed. Vibert, F. (2007). What Are the Advantages of Qualitative Research? Does Descriptive Representation Facilitate Women's Distinctive Voice? Descriptive statistics are functions of the sample data that are intrinsically interesting in describing some feature of the data. At extended last, mindful neighbors will probably concur upon common issues and cooperate to explain, As we look at social disorganization theory we knew that they were using spatial maps to look at the locations of juveniles. Pennock, J. R. (1979). On the relationship between gender democracy and gender equality in the EU. Should Congress Look Like America? Summarize a large amount of data in a visual, easily interpretable form Make trends easier to highlight than tables do it helps in studying patterns over long period of time it is used to compare data sets. By conducting research and engaging with faculty and students at Harvard Kennedy School and beyond, the fellows enrich the intellectual life of the center. It helps by saving time and money while collecting data. Disadvantages of proportional representation. Descriptive research is used to gain information about behavior. Though the theory was that crime was around certain citys and remained stable within certain areas despite changes in the populations where certain people lived in the community. 7. This article is licensed under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license. Cornell, D. (1995). Comparing two schools within two separate districts instead of simply two schools in the city will add an additional layer of depth to this analysis, in that differences in the districts particular policies can be examined as to whether or not they contribute to the findings. The results apply to various other topics and departments, too. Lafont, C. (2006). Bacchi, C. (1999). The Costs and Benefits of Descriptive Representation: Womens Quotas, Variations in State Feminism and the Fact of Reasonable Pluralism. This is the case for women who remain numerically under-represented in legislatures around the world, but also ethnic minority groups, and other minorities. The representation of women in Australia: Meaning and make-believe. London: Routledge. Fleurbaey, M. (1995). Kymlicka, W. (1993). In S. Besson & J. S. Mart (Eds. Descriptive research does not rely on only one type of data; it relies on both quantitative and qualitative Relatable. $\endgroup . Representing consumer institutions: The case of American health planning. #1) Waterfall Model. Minow, M. (1991). Economics and Philosophy, 11, 2556. Secondly, response rate is low in this research. A software life cycle model is a descriptive representation of the software development cycle. Weldon, L. S. (2002). It is widely used in Europe and has both advantages and disadvantages. Peter, F. (2011). Woocommerce Remove Product Attribute Programmatically, References. Click the account icon in the top right to: Oxford Academic is home to a wide variety of products. In Australia, 'ethnic' generally has been used to refer to immigrants (and their offspring) from non-British origins.3 Regarding the definition of 'migrant', I will apply the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural, Under what conditions are Latinos elected to the Congress and state legislatures? The point of this chapter is neither to define the threshold level of effective state feminism nor to argue that state feminism actually delivers better than descriptive representation. 4. Nothing bores me faster than description.. This helps to avoid wastage of time. 1. 9. Various reforms such as the Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Acts were implemented during the civil rights era as they helped promote greater inclusion and equity to, but not limited to, African Americans and Mexican-Americans. Mink had been interested in fighting discrimination in education since her youth, when she opposed racial segregation in campus housing while a student at the University of Nebraska. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Black faces, black interests: The representation of African-Americans in congress. Cookies are small files that are stored on your browser. Gender and discourse. Often, tracking down survey groups that can provide pertinent data costs a significant amount of time and money. (2002). History shows how minorities within America have been marginalized. A table lists data in columns. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the the different types of Descriptive representation is a representation in which representatives have similar backgrounds to the people they represent. A theory of justice. Williams, M. S. (1998). Swift, A. The predominant theory that descriptive representation improves a constituent's relationship with the state (Mansbridge 1999) has led to the study of how sharing a salient identity with one's representative positively affects attitudes toward government.In particular, political science has examined the effect of descriptive representation on political efficacy, a measure of trust and sense . Multicultural citizenship. descriptive representation pros and cons - chemtechspeciality.com Studies of the representation of minority interests in the era following the enactment 2. To save this article to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. One example of this is the district context hypothesis that states that individuals in districts. It evaluates empirical evidence on the impact of race, gender, and ethnicity on the behavior of legislators. While Young, I. M. (1990). What is Descriptive Analysis?- Types and Advantages - Analytics Steps 9. This article will briefly describe each of these methods, their advantages, and their drawbacks. Rational deliberation among experts and citizens. Other hybrid approaches have been suggested for visual-spatial and model-based reasoning. In addition, the attempts to form race-based alliances have had very little success amongst minority groups as racial similarities are not significant enough to unify different minority groups. Democracy and disagreement. Purpose. However, in substantive representation, it is not necessary for the representative to have a similar background or shared characteristics with the people he represents. Descriptive representation allows for adequate communication in contexts of mistrust What is the relate-ability benefit of Descriptive Representation People will be more likely to communicate more with someone with whom they share a racial identity. View your signed in personal account and access account management features. Political liberalism. Acceptability: Such a report is acceptable to busy persons because it easily highlights the theme of the report. Acta Politica, 4, 389403. Firstly, I will discuss the benefits and limitations of descriptive and substantive representation for MEM groups. Towards a European union gender equality index. The changing nature of European equality regimes. This conclusion is complicated by the fact that some regard equal group level outcomes not as a good in and by itself but as the best available proxy for equal opportunities given available data and conventional statistical techniques (Phillips 2004). Cambridge: Harvard University Press. The rapid increase in the minority population has led to some backlash and challenges for law, Descriptive Representation In The United States, Descriptive representation has been on the rise for some time. We would say that a black constituent is descriptively represented when she has a black member of Congress, regardless of whether that member of Congress . Oxford: Oxford University Press. Use descriptive statistics to summarize and graph the data for a group that you choose. For librarians and administrators, your personal account also provides access to institutional account management. Women, policy and politics: The construction of policy problems. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Classic descriptive statistics include mean, min, max, standard deviation, median, skew, kurtosis. that: The most affecting descriptive writing results from an author's providing not a linguistic blueprint of a library but the raw material (the air tinged with the scent of old pages, the shafts of dusty light through the window slats, the whispers, like trickling water, of the librarians behind the oval reference desk) from which the reader can erect her own library. The descriptive evaluation is the process of gathering, analyzing and interpreting information using different tools This essay will proceed as follows. Ideally, governmental policies aim to defend citizens of a specific territory by setting laws that promote and implement egalitarianism. Oxford: Oxford University Press. The Effects of Descriptive Representation on Interpersonal Relations. PR may encourage turn-out and reduce apathy. This form of research provides insight on human nature, we are able to understand basic psychological processes from this. On the other hand, there are some disadvantages of descriptive research. 3. Market Research World: What are The Pros and Cons of Data Collection Methods? Beyond bodies: Institutional sources of representation for women in democratic policy-making. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. systems than the old and traditional ones (Tawil, 2002). There are many benefits of including minorities of power in decision-making so-called descriptive representation. There are many benefits of including minorities of power in decision-making so-called descriptive representation. Because it is so varied in method and usage, researchers favor its use in many different fields including marketing, medical health, science and psychology. Toggle navigation. PDF The Symbolic Bene ts of Descriptive and Substantive Representation Descriptive statistics describe a sample. Representing Diversity. 1. It is great to see people who feel like they are finally getting the representation they deserve. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. (2004). Difference Between Descriptive and Substantive Representation Learn how your comment data is processed. The purpose of descriptive research, aside from describing a certain population or situation, is to know the basic knowledge of a study. Prescriptivists typically abide by traditional elements that strive to preserve long-lasting grammatical rules, word forms, processes or behaviors even if the rules are outdated. 1. Princeton: Princeton University Press. New York: Verso. Qualitative Research Pros & Cons . This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account. In her successful 1970 congressional campaign, Bella Abzug (b) declared, This womans place is in the House the House of Representatives!. Growing up in America, children are taught by their grade school teachers to be proud of being American. Various reasons clarify why this is. On the negative side, descriptive research can sometimes be skewed to fit the needs of the researcher. The Limits of Descriptive Representation Current Affairs Because of such instances, today, many political representatives attempt to practice descriptive representation which promotes racial unity. Descriptive analysis also involves identifying the position of a single value or its response in relation to others. Don't want to keep filling in name and email whenever you want to comment? The 113th Congress, has twenty-eight Hispanic U.S. 38 E Locust St, Mechanicsburg, Pa, While this is an enormous step, indicative of progression, corrupt politicians many times can use such incentives to implement manipulative and unscrupulous tactics to gain support from minority groups. Barry, B. Furthermore, women in the profession of politics often express a lack of interest in running for office and they are often subjected to the effect of career ceilings. Prescriptive and descriptive theorists differ on their approach to instruction. I was taught to never judge someone by how they look but upon their actions. You might also like. Moreover, to date, few minority legislators have been elected from districts that do not contain a high percentage of minority constituents. There are three main types of descriptive methods: observational methods, case-study methods and survey methods. - Volume 55 Issue 2. Return to Figure. Nimantran Patra In Marathi For Birthday, The advantages of using tables and graphs to organize data include easy visualization of statistics, poignant descriptions of data, the provision of a summary of the overall work and the interest people show to graphics over words, according to Texas A&M University. There are many different types of data presentation. 1938). 518). In descriptive representation, representatives have similar backgrounds (gender, race, religion, etc.) One of the biggest advantages of descriptive research is that it allows you to analyze facts and helps you in developing an in-depth understanding of the research problem. Evidence from Romania. There are, however, practical limitations to including different groups and subgroups in There are many benefits of including minorities of power in decision-making so-called descriptive representation. She went to law school after being denied admission to medical school because of her gender. Representation is crucial for democracy: good representation helps to increase re-sponsiveness, foster electoral turnout, increase political interest and include minori-ties. African Americans made up the largest percentage, with forty-eight members, while Latinos accounted for thirty-two members, up from nineteen just over a decade before. This forces the government to dissolve the coalition. Undocumented Youth and Collective Representation in the U.S. Congress, Good Practices of Indigenous Political Participation: Maori Participation in New Zealand Elective Bodies, Race, Bureaucracy, and Symbolic Representation: Interactions Between Citizens and Police, Conditioning Descriptive Representation: Institutional Moderation of Unique Group Perspectives in Legislative Debates, Political Participation of Australian Muslims, Minority Representation, Empowerment, and Participation, Morals or money? 1. Get Access. In K. Ross (Ed. The data from a descriptive research project can be collected from one person or a small group of people. Advantage. Hollis earned a degree in English Literature from the University of Florida. 3. Get full access to this article. Disadvantages include the technical precision, time and funding resources necessary to create tables and graphs. Both descriptive and inferential statistics help make sense out of row after row of data! These are part of business analytics, which extract value from your business data. An innovative research tool, descriptive research is used by researchers as an opportunity to fuse both quantitative and qualitative data to reconstruct the what is of a topic. . Race has been a long-standing and stubborn dividing line in local, state, and national politics in the United States (Rogers 6). 14 Crucial Pros and Cons of Representative Democracy Affordable. Signs, 19(3), 630657. The research can utilize methods such as surveys, observation, field experiments, interviews and number analysis. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Once you have this descriptive research, you can use it to focus your next ad campaign to the right clientele.